Synthesis of an arbitrary ABCD system with fixed lens positions.

Shear representations of beam transfer matrices.

The beam transfer matrix, often called the ABCD matrix, is one of the essential mathematical instruments in optics. It is a unimodular matrix whose determinant is 1. If all the elements are real with three independent parameters, this matrix is a 2 x 2 representation of the group Sp(2). It is shown that a real ABCD matrix can be generated by two shear transformations. It is then noted that, in ...

New existence results for a coupled system of nonlinear differential equations of arbitrary order

This paper studies the existence of solutions for a coupled system of nonlinear fractional differential equations. New existence and uniqueness results are established using Banach fixed point theorem. Other existence results are obtained using Schaefer and Krasnoselskii fixed point theorems. Some illustrative examples are also presented.

Oral Morphine Consumption Reduces Lens Development in Rat Embryos

Introduction: Consumption of morphine, during pregnancy, in addition to inducing defects in the mother’s nervous system function, caused defects or delays in the formation and evolution of embryonic visual system. In the present study, changes in lens development were assessed in embryos exposed to morphine in utero. Methods: Female Wistar rats (250-300 g) were mated with male rats and pregnanc...

Active laser radar systems with stochastic electromagnetic beams in turbulent atmosphere.

Propagation of stochastic electromagnetic beams through paraxial ABCD optical systems operating through turbulent atmosphere is investigated with the help of the ABCD matrices and the generalized Huygens-Fresnel integral. In particular, the analytic formula is derived for the cross-spectral density matrix of an electromagnetic Gaussian Schell-model (EGSM) beam. We applied our analysis for the A...

Diffraction of Water waves Around Vertical Fixed Structures with Arbitrary Section